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The Ship Götheborg
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The ship takes form
The Hull
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The Hull

The next major step after raising the frame ribs was to clad the hull inside and out with strong oak planks and to lay the pine decks. This process began in 1999 and was completed in 2003.Enormous amounts of timber are required for a wooden ship the size of the “Götheborg". An old rule of thumb states that the timber volume, measured in terms of logs, is equivalent to the length x width x height of the ship, which in this case is approximately 4,000 m³. Seventyfive per cent of this comprised oak and the remaining 25 per cent pine. Just about all the timber that was purchased had to be specially ordered, as ship´s timber cannot be bought at regular timber yards. The solid oak planks were first measured up and then sawn out. After that, in order to be bent and adapted to the shape of the hull, they had to be moistened, i.e. softened up with steam. The oak planks were placed in a long box, known as a moistening chamber and specially manufactured for this purpose, and steamed for four to six hours. Once a plank had softened, it

Planking inside the hull. Click on the image to enlarge.
was important to bring it into position quickly and secure it with various clamps. After the plank was taken out of the chamber, the workmen had around 20 minutes to bend it before it started to harden again.On the inside, the hull was clad with oak planks of various thicknesses. The bilge stringers are particularly thick. These are used to reinforce the ship longitudinally where the hull bends up from the bottom and the stresses are particularly high. The beam stringers are also thick, these run along the inside of the hull and hold up over a hundred heavy deck beams, which in turn bear the pine decks. The deck beams, which weigh up to a tonne each, were lifted into the hull using special hoisting devices. The inner cladding of oak planks on the bottom and sides of the hull, which are not subjected to any particular strain, are known as ornamentation.Hull planks are the ship´s outer cladding of longitudinal plank bands made of oak. Assembly took place one row at a time, starting at the bottom from the keel. The hull planks were laid edge to edge, a building method that produces a smooth outside and is known as carvel planking. The oak planks that make up the external, longitudinal reinforcement are known as wales. Each plank was moistened, lifted into place and secured with clamps. Holes were drilled for oak nails, which were countersunk. Tarred flax yarn packing or “oakum" had been twisted around the head of the oak nails, and the nail holes where plugged with oak bungs that were glued into place. When the hull planking and the inner oak ornamentation were complete, more than 3,000 hand-forged, 60 centimetre long bolts were hammered through the ship´s hull and riveted on the inside.The East Indiaman gradually acquired three entire decks as well as a cabin and sundeck.  

Extra reinforcements were installed around the masts. The amount of timber used, around 500 m³, says a great deal about the scope of the project. The lower deck was lowered by 10 centimetres and the weather deck raised by 10 cen-timetres compared with the decks on the ori-ginal ship. This increased the headroom by 10 centimetres on the upper and lower decks, which was necessary as people are slightly taller now than in the 18th century. More than 250 forged steel knees were in-stalled inside the ship to reinforce the hull crossways, and to connect the decks to the  sides of the hull.  On the upper deck, knees made of crooked oak were used, as on the original ship, as well as supporting blocks for the knees, locking blocks and plank sheer blocks. After that it was necessary to treat the hull and decks with oakum, i.e. to seal the wedge shaped openings, the seams, between the planks. Using a mallet and iron to force tarred flax yarn into the seams is a laborious process, which has to be carried out with great care. A skilled craftsman can complete 20-40 metres in a day, and there are many dozens of kilo-metres of seams to be sealed in all! After sealing with oakum, the outside of the hull was coated in boiling pitch. Sealing and pitching make the ship watertight and rigid.The upper part of the hull was painted with oil paint, the sides were tarred and the ship´s bottom was painted with hull paint over the sheathing, i.e. the layer laid on top of the hull planks to protect the hull against shipworm.When the ship was launched on 6 June 2003, the exterior of the hull was almost finished and all the major components for the engine room had been taken aboard, such as tanks for fresh water and diesel oil, as well as the main engines. The majority of the other major mechanical components were installed during the year, and work on the fitting out began in the autumn. The hull was largely completed during 2004. Technical installation and fitting out work continued throughout the year. The work on the figurehead commenced, and the figurehead lion itself was installed just in time for the naming of the ship on 3 September 2004.

Outer planking is being nailed to the hull. Click on the image to enlarge.
The inside of the hull. Click on the image to enlarge.
The outer planking is almost completed. The photo is taken during 20025. Ckick on the image to enlarge.